Form 720 is the IRS form used to report and pay the Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute (PCORI) fee, an annual excise tax that funds research to improve healthcare outcomes. For 2025, the PCORI fee is primarily due by July 31st for plan years ending in the 2024 calendar year. Self-insured health plan sponsors, including those with Health Reimbursement Arrangements (HRAs), are generally responsible for calculating and paying this fee based on the average number of covered lives under their plans, utilizing methods such as actual count, snapshot, or Form 5500. While Form 720 is a quarterly excise tax return, the PCORI fee is reported specifically for the second quarter (ending June 30th) each year, regardless of the plan's fiscal year end. The fee per covered life varies depending on the plan year end date in 2024, being $3.22 for plans ending between January 1 and September 30, 2024, and $3.47 for plans ending between October 1 and December 31, 2024.